NAD

NAD⁺ is a central molecule controlling cellular metabolic homeostasis. It acts as an electron carrier in redox reactions, accepting electrons from other molecules to form NADH, which then serves as a reducing agent to donate electrons. NAD⁺ is involved in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Beyond its classical redox functions, NAD⁺ plays diverse roles in signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation, and energy homeostasis. It serves as a substrate for enzymes such as sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are involved in DNA repair, chromatin modification, and gene expression. NAD⁺ also restores damaged mitochondria and serves as a precursor for NADPH generation, which is critical for regulating cellular antioxidant capacity.

• Aging and Longevity: Investigated for promoting healthy aging and extending lifespan by maintaining NAD⁺ levels and activating sirtuin pathways.
• Metabolic Disorders: Studied for improving insulin sensitivity, combating obesity, and restoring metabolic homeostasis in conditions such as diabetes.
• Neurodegenerative Diseases: Explored for neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological conditions by improving mitochondrial function.
• Cardiovascular Research: Employed in studies on atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and vascular function.
• Inflammation and Immunity: Investigated for its role in modulating inflammatory responses and immune regulation.
• Pulmonary Diseases: Studied as a potential therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD, and asthma.

CAS Number: 53-84-9
PubChem CID: 5892
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol
Purity: ≥ 98% (batch-dependent; refer to Certificate of Analysis)
Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder
Storage: Store at ≤ -20°C in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture
Solubility: Soluble in water (≥50 mg/mL); insoluble in organic solvents such as acetone